Gecko [ naturenectar.co.uk ]

Name	Size	Permission	Date
perl.pod	16.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:53
perl5004delta.pod	54.92 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perl5005delta.pod	33.48 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlcommunity.pod	6.82 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlcygwin.pod	26.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perldata.pod	48.62 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perldelta.pod	6.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perldeprecation.pod	20.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlform.pod	16.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlfreebsd.pod	1.58 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlfunc.pod	394.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlhack.pod	42.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlpacktut.pod	50.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlperf.pod	48.71 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlplan9.pod	5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlrepository.pod	509 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlrequick.pod	18.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlretut.pod	119.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlsec.pod	26.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlsecpolicy.pod	18.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlstyle.pod	8.53 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlsub.pod	72.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlsynology.pod	7.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlthrtut.pod	45.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perltie.pod	38.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perltoc.pod	685.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perltodo.pod	372 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perltooc.pod	294 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perltoot.pod	294 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perltrap.pod	10.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perltru64.pod	8.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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perlunicode.pod	89.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlunicook.pod	25.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlunifaq.pod	13.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perluniintro.pod	37.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perluniprops.pod	431.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
perlunitut.pod	7.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 03:54
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Rename

=head1 NAME

perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl
programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 195 features may
already be overwhelming.

=head2 The sheet

CONTEXTS  SIGILS  ref        ARRAYS        HASHES
  void      $scalar SCALAR     @array        %hash
  scalar    @array  ARRAY      @array[0, 2]  @hash{'a', 'b'}
  list      %hash   HASH       $array[0]     $hash{'a'}
            &sub    CODE
            *glob   GLOB       SCALAR VALUES
                    FORMAT     number, string, ref, glob, undef
  REFERENCES
  \      reference       $$foo[1]       aka $foo->[1]
  $@%&*  dereference     $$foo{bar}     aka $foo->{bar}
  []     anon. arrayref  ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1]->[2]
  {}     anon. hashref   ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1][2]
  \()    list of refs
                         SYNTAX
  OPERATOR PRECEDENCE    foreach (LIST) { }     for (a;b;c) { }
  ->                     while   (e) { }        until (e)   { }
  ++ --                  if      (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
  **                     unless  (e) { } elsif (e) { } else { }
  ! ~ \ u+ u-            given   (e) { when (e) {} default {} }
  =~ !~
  * / % x                 NUMBERS vs STRINGS  FALSE vs TRUE
  + - .                   =          =        undef, "", 0, "0"
  << >>                   +          .        anything else
  named uops              == !=      eq ne
  < > <= >= lt gt le ge   < > <= >=  lt gt le ge
  == != <=> eq ne cmp ~~  <=>        cmp
  &
  | ^             REGEX MODIFIERS       REGEX METACHARS
  &&              /i case insensitive   ^      string begin
  || //           /m line based ^$      $      str end (bfr \n)
  .. ...          /s . includes \n      +      one or more
  ?:              /x /xx ign. wh.space  *      zero or more
  = += last goto  /p preserve           ?      zero or one
  , =>            /a ASCII    /aa safe  {3,7}  repeat in range
  list ops        /l locale   /d  dual  |      alternation
  not             /u Unicode            []     character class
  and             /e evaluate /ee rpts  \b     boundary
  or xor          /g global             \z     string end
                  /o compile pat once   ()     capture
  DEBUG                                 (?:p)  no capture
  -MO=Deparse     REGEX CHARCLASSES     (?#t)  comment
  -MO=Terse       .   [^\n]             (?=p)  ZW pos ahead
  -D##            \s  whitespace        (?!p)  ZW neg ahead
  -d:Trace        \w  word chars        (?<=p) ZW pos behind \K
                  \d  digits            (?<!p) ZW neg behind
  CONFIGURATION   \pP named property    (?>p)  no backtrack
  perl -V:ivsize  \h  horiz.wh.space    (?|p|p)branch reset
                  \R  linebreak         (?<n>p)named capture
                  \S \W \D \H negate    \g{n}  ref to named cap
                                        \K     keep left part
  FUNCTION RETURN LISTS
  stat      localtime    caller         SPECIAL VARIABLES
   0 dev    0 second      0 package     $_    default variable
   1 ino    1 minute      1 filename    $0    program name
   2 mode   2 hour        2 line        $/    input separator
   3 nlink  3 day         3 subroutine  $\    output separator
   4 uid    4 month-1     4 hasargs     $|    autoflush
   5 gid    5 year-1900   5 wantarray   $!    sys/libcall error
   6 rdev   6 weekday     6 evaltext    $@    eval error
   7 size   7 yearday     7 is_require  $$    process ID
   8 atime  8 is_dst      8 hints       $.    line number
   9 mtime                9 bitmask     @ARGV command line args
  10 ctime               10 hinthash    @INC  include paths
  11 blksz               3..10 only     @_    subroutine args
  12 blcks               with EXPR      %ENV  environment

=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several
people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks.

A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes,
but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a
Raku version to show that Perl will stay Perl.

=head1 AUTHOR

Juerd Waalboer <#####@juerd.nl>, with the help of many Perl Monks.

=head1 SEE ALSO

=over 4

=item *

L<https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602> - the original PM post

=item *

L<https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031> - Damian Conway's Raku version

=item *

L<https://juerd.nl/site.plp/perlcheat> - home of the Perl Cheat Sheet

=back